a) Rectangle:
A rectangle is any quadrilateral with four right angles. The properties of
rectangle are:
i)
All the angles are equal.
ii)
Alternate sides are equal.
iii)
It’s axis are symmetry bisect opposite sides.
iv)
Diagonals are equal in length.
v)
It’s perimeter is 2(L+B) and area is LxB
b) Square:
Square is defined as a rectangle in which two adjacent sides have equal length.
It has four edges and vertices. The internal angles is 900.The
perimeter is 4L and area is L2
c) Triangle:
A triangle is one of the basic shapes in geometry: a polygon with three corners
or vertices and three sides or edges which
are line segments. There are different types of triangle such as right
triangle, equilateral triangle, acute triangle, isosceles triangle, obtuse
triangle, oblique triangle and scalene triangle. It has three edges and
vertices. The internal angle is 600 in equilateral triangle.
d) Parallelogram:
A parallelogram is a simple quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. The
opposite of facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the
opposite angles of parallelogram are of equal measure. It is a type of
quadrilateral. It has four edges and vertices. It’s area can be calculated by multiplying
its base and height.
e) Rhombus:
A rhombus is a simple quadrilateral
whose four sides all have the same length. The properties of the rhombus are:
i)
All sides are equal
ii)
Alternate angles are equal
iii)
Its axis of symmetry bisect opposite angles.
iv)
Diagonals intersect at equal angles.
v)
It has four edges and vetices.
vi)
It is a dual polygon of a rectangle.
vii)
It’s property is convex.
f) Circle:
A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are given distance from a given point, the
center. A circle can be defined as the curve traced out by a point that moves
so that its distance from a given point is constant. The name of parts are:
i)
Arc
ii)
Center
iii)
Chord
iv)
Circumference
v)
Diameter
vi)
Radius
vii)
Secant
viii)
Sector
ix)
Segment
x)
Semicircle
xi)
Tangent
g) Sphere:
A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical and circular object in three
dimensional spaces such as the shape of a round ball.
h) Cones:
A cone is an n-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a base to
a point called the apex or vertex. The
axis of a cone is that the straight line, passing through the apex, about which
the base has a rotational symmetry.
i)
Cylinders: Cylinder is one of the most basic
curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by the points at a fixed
distance from a given line segment, the axis of the cylinder.
j)
Prisms: In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron with an n-sided polygonal base,
a translated copy and other faces joining corresponding sides of the two bases.
k) Cube:
In geometry, a cube is a three dimensional solid object bounded by six squares
faces or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. The cube can also be called
as a regular hexahedron is one of the five platonic solids.
l)
Pentagon: In geometry, a pentagon is any
five-side polygon. A pentagon may be simple or self-intersecting. The sum of
the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 5400.
m) Hexagon:
A hexagon is a polygon with six edges and six vertices. The total of the
internal angles of any hexagon is 7200. A regular hexagon has all
sides of the same length and all internal angles of 1200.
n) Heptagon:
A heptagon is a polygon with seven sides and seven angles. In a regular
heptagon, in which all sides and all angles are equal, the sides meet at an angle of 5∏/7 radians.
o) Octagon:
A regular octagon is a closed figure with sides of the same length and internal
angles of the same size. It has eight lines of reflective symmetry and
rotational symmetry of order .The internal angle of each vertex of a regular
octagon is 1350 and the sum of all internal angle is 10800.
p) Diameter:
The diameter of the circle is the straight distance from one outside curved
surface through the center point to the opposite outside curved surface.
q) Radius:
The radius of a circle is the distance from the center point to the outside
curved surface. The radius is half of the diameter and is used to set the
compass when drawing a diameter.
r) Central
angle: A central angle is an angle formed by the two radial lines from the
center of the circle.
s) Sector:
A sector is the area of a circle lying between two radical lines and the circumference.
t) Quadrant:
A quadrant is a sector with a central angle of 900 and usual with
one of the radial lines oriented horizontally.
u) Chord:
A chord is any straight line whose opposite ends terminate on the circumference
of the circle.
v) Segment:
A segment is the smaller portion of a
circle separated by a chord.
w) Concentric
circles: Concentric circles are two or more arce’s with a common central point.
x) Eccentric
circles: Eccentric circles are two or more circles without a common center
point.
y) Semi-circle:
A semicircle is half of the complete circle.
z) Angle:
An angle is formed by the intersection of two lines. There are three major kinds
of angles: right angles, acute angles and obtuse angle.
aa) Equilateral
triangle: An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all the three sides
are equal. Each angle is of 600.
bb) Isosceles
triangle: An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two equal sides. An
isosceles triangle has two equal angles.These two equal angles are base angles.
cc) Scalene
triangle: The triangle without any side or angle equal is called scalene
triangle.
dd) Right
triangle: The triangle whose one angle is 900 is right triangle.
ee) Right
angle: The angle which is exactly 900 is right angle.
ff) Acute
angle: The angle which is less than 900 is acute angle.
gg) Obtuse
angle: The angle which is more than 900 is obtuse angle.
hh) Complementary
angle: The sum of angle which is 900 is complementary angle.
ii) Supplementary
angle: The sum of angle which is 1800 is supplementary angle.
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